Visual biofeedback using transperineal ultrasound in second stage of labour. Preinduction sonographic measurement of cervical length in the prediction of successful induction of labour. Fetal head-symphysis distance and mode of delivery in second stage of labour. Evaluation of sonographic assessment of the progress of labour. ![]() Evaluation of selected ultrasonography parameters in the second stage of labour in prediction modeof delivery. Prediction of time to delivery by transperineal ultrasound in second stage of labour. ISUOG, practice guidelines: intrapartum ultrasound. The labour progression study (LaPS): duration of labour following Zhang’s guideline and the WHO partograph-a cluster randomised trial. First stage progression in women with spontaneous onset of labor: a large population-based cohort study. Contemporary patterns of spontaneous labor with normal neonatal outcomes. The natural history of the normal first stage of labor. Zhang J, Troendle J, Mikolajczyk R, et al. Human labour and birth, Oxorn-Foote, sixth international edition, McGraw Hill Education. Second stage: caput succedaneum: cephalhaematoma. ![]() Intrapartum USG can also help guide the Obstetrician about the progress of Labour and the need for Caesarean Delivery Keywords ![]() All of this has been incorporated into the WHO Labour Care Guide, designed to encourage Respectable Maternity Care. It also gives an overview of the normal progression of Labour and the evolution from the traditional model described by Friedman to the contemporary partogram, influenced by the pioneering work of Zhang et al, according to which more time can be given to the labouring woman to achieve natural childbirth, provide maternal and foetal condition remains good. This chapter describes the Mechanism of Labour - the positional changes in the presenting part of the foetus to achieve a successful passage through the birth canal - with a brief look at the passenger (the foetus), the passage (the pelvis) and the powers (the uterine activity) and the complex interaction between them, resulting in the six cardinal movements – descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution and external rotation. It involves a complex interaction of uterine activity, the foetus and the maternal pelvis, to achieve a successful negotiation of this start of the human life. Labour and delivery, the process by which the mature foetus is expelled from the uterus, is not a passive process.
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